|
Michael James Collins (〔''Michael Collins - A Life in Pictures'', Mercier Press (June 23, 2008); ISBN 1856355632, ISBN 978-1856355636; (page 9 )〕 16 October 1890 – 22 August 1922) was an Irish revolutionary leader, politician, Minister for Finance, Director of Information, and Teachta Dála (TD) for Cork South in the First Dáil of 1919, Adjutant General, Director of Intelligence, and Director of Organisation and Arms Procurement for the IRA, President of the Irish Republican Brotherhood from November 1920 until his death, and member of the Irish delegation during the Anglo-Irish Treaty negotiations. Subsequently, he was both Chairman of the Provisional Government and Commander-in-chief of the National Army.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mr. Michael Collins )〕 Collins was shot and killed in an ambush in August 1922 during the Irish Civil War. ==Early years== Born in Sam's Cross, near Clonakilty, County Cork, Collins was the third son and youngest of eight children. Most biographies state his date of birth as 16 October 1890, but his tombstone gives his date of birth as 12 October 1890. Referred to in a British secret service report as "brainy", the Collins family were a close, warmly supportive family of overachievers. Part of an ancient clan, widely spread over County Cork, they had a rich intellectual life and republican connections that can be traced back to the 1798 rebellion.〔Coogan, TP "Michael Collins" London; Arrow Books, 1991〕 Collins' father, Michael John (1816-1896), was a farmer by profession. A mathematician in his spare time, he had been a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB) movement. The elder Collins was 60〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=17th July 1815 - Baptism of Michael Collins' father )〕 years old when he married Mary Anne O'Brien, then 23,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=3rd August 1852 - Baptism of Michael Collins' mother )〕 in 1876.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=26th February 1876 - Marriage of Michael Collins' parents )〕 The marriage was apparently happy. They brought up eight children on a farm called Woodfield, which the Collins had held as tenants for several generations. On his death bed, his father (who was the seventh son of a seventh son) predicted that his daughter Helena (one of Michael's elder sisters) would become a nun. She later did, known as Sister Mary Celestine, based in Whitby.〔http://www.communigate.co.uk/ne/slaggyisland/page10.phtml〕 He then turned to the family and told them to take care of Michael, because "One day he'll be a great man. He'll do great work for Ireland." Michael was six years old when his father died.〔memoires of Mary Collins-Powell and of Sister Celestine (Helena Collins)〕 Collins was a bright and precocious child with a fiery temper and a passionate feeling of Irish nationalism. He named a local blacksmith, James Santry, and his headmaster at Lisavaird National School, Denis Lyons, as the first nationalists to personally inspire his "pride of Irishness." Lyons was a member of the IRB, while Santry's family had participated in, and forged arms for, the rebellions of 1798, 1848 and 1867.〔〔Michael Collins, personal correspondence October 1916〕 There are a number of anecdotal explanations for the origin of his nickname, "The Big Fellow". The most authoritative comes from his family, stating that he was so called by them while still a child. It had been a term of endearment for their youngest brother, who was always keen to take on tasks beyond his years. It was certainly already established by his teens, long before he emerged as a political or military leader.〔memoires of Mary Collins-Powell and of Sister Celestine (Helena Collins); family correspondence, cousin Michael O'Brien 1922〕 At the age of thirteen he boarded at Clonakilty National School. During the week he stayed with his sister Margaret Collins-O'Driscoll and her husband Patrick O'Driscoll, while at weekends he returned to the family farm. Patrick O'Driscoll founded the newspaper ''The West Cork People'' and Collins helped out with general reporting jobs and preparing the issues of the newspaper.〔''West Cork People'' issue dated 22 August 2002, p. 3〕 After leaving school at fifteen, Collins took the British Civil Service examination in Cork in February 1906,〔(Examining Irish leader's youthful past ) - from the BBC〕 and was then employed by the Royal Mail.〔(British Postal Service Appointment Books, 1737-1969 about Michael J Collins )〕 In 1906, he moved to the home of his elder sister Hannie (Johanna) in London where he became a messenger at a London firm of stockbrokers, Horne and Company.〔 While living in London he studied law at King's College London.〔(King's College London's list of notable alumni )〕 He joined the London GAA and, through this, the IRB. Sam Maguire, a republican from Dunmanway, County Cork, introduced the 19-year-old Collins to the IRB.〔Mackay, James. ''Michael Collins: A Life''. p. 38〕 In 1915 he moved to the Guaranty Trust Company of New York where he remained until his return to Ireland the following year〔Stewart, Anthony Terence Quincey. ''Michael Collins: The Secret File''. p. 8〕 joining part-time ''Craig Gardiner & Co'', a firm of accountants in Dawson Street, Dublin.〔p46 James Alexander Mackay ''Michael Collins: a life'' Mainstream Publishing, 1996〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Collins (Irish leader)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|